CHAPTER – 9
Geography
TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF INDIA
I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. The name of the international airport of Bangalore is Kempegowda
2. Roads is necessary for the development of villages and agriculture.
3. Mumbai port is called Gateway of India.
4. Name the national Highway between Mumbai and Bangalore is Golden Quadrilateral
II Answer the following after discussing them in groups:
1. What are the advantages of Transport?
The role of transport in the economic development of our country is significant. Areas of Agriculture, Industries, Mining, Forestry, Fisheries, Dairy Farming etc., are closely linked with the markets through the transport. Hence, for speedy economic development, fast transport systems are necessary.
2. What are the four types of major Roads?
National Highways, State Highways, District Roads and Village Roads.
3. What do you mean by „Transport‟?
Movement of goods, services, information and materials from one place to another is called „Transport‟.
4. Which is the longest national highway?
The longest national Highway In India is Varanasi to Kanyakumari distance is about 2343 Kms.
5. Make a list of major ports in India.
Kandla : This is in the Gulf of Kachchh.
Mumbai : It is in state of Maharastra. There is another one port is named
Nhavasheva. Mumbai port is called the “Gate way of India”. Marmagoa : It is located at the entrance of Zuari estuary in a state. New Mangalore Port : It is the most important port of Karnataka. Kochi : It is in Kerala.
Tuticorin : It is in Tamilnadu.
Chennai : It is the oldest port of India. It has an artificial harbour. It is also in Tamilnadu.
Vishakhapatnam : It is a natural port and Located in Andhra Pradesh.
Paradeep : It is in Oddisha state. It is a recently developed port.
Kolkata : It is in west Bengal. It is a natural harbour. This port was called the “Tea port of India”.
Haldia : It is a newly developed port on the coast of Bay of Bengal to overcome the problems of congestion at Kolkata port.
6. Which of the ports have links with national highways?
Mumbai , Chennai , Kolkata, Vishakapatnam Ports have link with National Highways.
7. Explain the importance of Roads.
- India is a country of villages and is pridomintaly an agricultural nation.
- Roads are very important for the development of villages and agriculture.
- Movement of agricultural produce by farmers to the markets is possible only by roadways.
- Essential commodities required by the villagers are transported with the help of roads. Road transport feeders rail ways.
- Roads Provide the movement of goods.
- Road are classified into four types.
- They are :- National Highways, State Highways, District Roads and Village Roads.
8. Explain the Problems of Road Transport .
- Many village and district roads become unfit for transportation during the rainy season.
- Road transport is also the cause of environmental pollution, increased density of vehicles and accidents.
- Roads are subjected to severe wear and tear due to rain, floods and cyclones every year.
- Construction and management of national and state highways is in adequate.
- Scarcity of the basic needs along the roadside in seen all over the country.
9. Write a short note on Golden Quadrilateral Highway plan.
Corridor roads are important not only economically but also politically. These roads connecting from east to west and from north to south, are enabling transportation of goods at a minimum cost and shortest time. This project is the gift of industries. The Golden Quadrilateral highway links the major metropolitan cities of the country like Delhi-Mumbai-Bangalore-Chennai- Hyderabad and Kolkata. Through this highway, other cities like Pune, Satara, Belgaum, Kanchipuram, Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Vishakapatnam, Kharagpur and Vijayawada get linked.
Key Points:
Tea port → Kolkatha
Oldest Port → Chennai
Biggest Port → Mumbai
Gateway of India → Mumbai
Longest Road → Varanasi to Kanya kumara – 2343 KM
Highest Road → Kulu-manali to leh – 4267 mt
Types of Road → NH-SH.DH-VR Airport Authority of India → 1955
National Highway → 70,934 km
National Highway authority of India → 1989
Golden Quadrilateral corridor plan → 4/6 lane, 15000 km, 54000 crores, 1999
Delhi → Indiara Gandhi International Airport Kolkatha → Subhash Chandra Bosh international Airport Chennai → Anna or Meenambakam
Mumbai → Sahara or Chatrapathi Shivaji international Airport
10. Draw a map of India and mark the important national highways
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